Solutions for Energy Crises in Pakistan

In Pakistan, there is a massive gap between the supply and demand of electricity which has deteriorated the industry resulting in an unstable and weak economy. Long hours of electricity load-shedding have depreciated the prosperity rating of the country. A large proportion of energy supply in the country is derived from the thermal power stations which utilize imported fossil fuels. Due to their extensive use, cost of these fuels is increasing rapidly and electrical appliances using them are becoming out of the range of common people. In addition, the continued use of fossil fuels is adding to the already alarming situation of global environment due to large carbon footprint associated with it. As the world wakes up to the reality of climate change, electricity will increasingly have to come from renewable energy sources like solar, pedal, and wind.

Wind Energy provides a very prolific option in such a situation for shifting from non renewable to renewable sources of energy. Use of renewable wind energy for power generation is increasing significantly because of its less carbon electricity generation than conventional sources of energy. There is also concern about fossil fuel reservoirs which are running out due to their extensive use.

Pakistan is fortunate to have something many other countries do not which is high wind 

speeds near major centres. Near Islamabad, the wind speed is anywhere from 6.2 to 7.4 

metres per second (between 13.8 and 16.5 miles per hour). Near Karachi, the range is 

between 6.2 and 6.9 (between 13.8 and 15.4 miles per hour). Moreover Pakistan has a large 

base which can support large wind farms at its south-eastern coastline. According to 

estimates provided by the Meteorological Department of Pakistan, the total wind energy 

potential of only Sindh Province coastline is 43000 megawatts, this figure surpasses the 

current total demand of electricity (12000 megawatts) in the country.

As the demand for wind power is increasing, new ideas and technologies are being 

investigated to meet the drastic rise in demand. Parallel connection of multi-wind energy 

systems is one of the useful methods for solving the high power requirements. There are 

certain advantages of connecting the generators in parallel for example the output capacity of 

the system is increased beyond that of a single unit. Additional reserve power could be served 

for the expected load demands and one machine can be shut down for maintenance without 

power interruption. However, connection of WTs in parallel is a hectic process and its 

synchronization needs certain conditions to be fulfilled to prevent damage to generators. And 

hence, the aim of this study is to investigate the dynamic behaviour of three different WT 

(doubly fed Induction, squirrel cage induction, synchronous machine) that are connected in 

parallel at the same grid connection point.

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